In an interview with Tyre Trends, Markus Winter, Director of Marketing and Sales at Kokusai Europe, and Kazuhiro Murauchi, Vice President and Head of Engineering at Kokusai Headquarter, share insightful perspectives on the fast-changing reality of tyre testing. With regulatory demands increasing and car technologies developing, Winter shares how the industry responds to new challenges presented by electric vehicles, tighter emission requirements and shifting consumer demands. With Kokusai manufacturing around 130 tyre test machines every year, Winter presents a special point of view regarding the technological advancements and market forces that are determining the future of tyre development and testing practices.

Every nook and cranny within tyre markets across the globe, big or small, is echoing a confluence of old and new practices in the age of new mobility. Attempts to constantly derive upcoming trends are massively influencing stakeholders within the tyre ecosystem as they mull over operational shifts for meeting future demands. The intricate world of tyre testing is also attuning itself to such changes to deliver a seamless transition to end users as progress unfolds.

Markus Winter, Director – Marketing and Sales, Kokusai Europe, contended that tyre testing has surged in recent times as emission norms become stricter and manufacturers methodically formulate new compounds to develop tyres for new-age vehicles.

“Over the past five to 10 years, tyre testing has undergone significant changes driven by regulatory pressures and evolving consumer expectations. In Europe, automotive manufacturers have prioritised high-speed uniformity testing to enhance ride comfort,” noted Winter while speaking exclusively to Tyre Trends.

“Simultaneously, there has been a strong industry-wide push towards improving wet grip, not only for new tyres but also for worn ones. More recently, with the introduction of Euro 7 regulations, the spotlight has turned to wear testing. The emphasis is on minimising microplastic emissions and fine dust particles, aligning with broader environmental and health concerns. As regulatory scrutiny intensifies, tyre manufacturers are expected to invest further in wear-reduction technologies, shaping the next phase of innovation in the industry,” he said.

The Japan-headquartered company that produces around 130 tyre testing machines each year believes that Euro 7 regulations will impose stringent limits on wear particle emissions, leading to a major shake-up within the global tyre industry.

The new rules, targeting a 30 percent reduction in particulate emissions, could disqualify a substantial number of current tyre models from original equipment (OE) fitment on new vehicles. While exact figures remain uncertain, industry estimates suggest that up to 50 percent of existing tyre types may be phased out, with some projections even higher. This has placed immense pressure on manufacturers to accelerate testing and compliance efforts.

The initial response from tyre makers will likely focus on outdoor testing, given its simplicity. However, there is growing consensus that standardised drum testing will be essential for consistent evaluation. Over the next one to three years, demand for advanced wear testing solutions is expected to surge, creating significant business opportunities for testing providers.

At the same time, the industry is closely monitoring regulatory discussions and standardisation efforts as test methodologies continue to evolve. Regional differences are evident with Japanese and European manufacturers prioritising distinct approaches to compliance.

While no dedicated testing equipment for wear particle emissions exists yet, there is increasing interest in integrating sensors and analytical systems into existing tyre wear testing frameworks.

As regulations tighten, companies positioned at the forefront of wear testing innovation will be well-placed to capitalise on the shifting market dynamics.

SHIFTING DYNAMICS

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) is fundamentally reshaping the tyre testing industry. With EVs requiring bigger, heavier tyres and delivering significantly higher torque, testing methodologies must adapt to these changing dynamics.

“With EVs demanding bigger, heavier tyres and generating higher torque, the industry must adapt. Our testing concepts are divided into two key areas including force and moment testing, which accounts for the torque and velocity changes and endurance testing such as tyre wear assessments. While high torque isn’t a requirement for endurance testing, these machines must still meet rigorous performance standards,” noted Winter.

Another major transformation is the accelerated development cycle of new tyres. Previously, a single tyre model would take six months to a year to develop, but manufacturers are now introducing new models every three months. Each iteration features different materials, tread designs and wear characteristics, increasing the need for highly flexible and efficient testing solutions. “This shift creates a greater demand for flexible, high-throughput testing solutions. We’ve opened a technical centre in Tokyo, where manufacturers can evaluate new tyre designs and test methods in real time,” informed Murauchi.

Smart tyre technology is also influencing the testing landscape. According to the executive, tyre testing involved manually recording data such as temperature, pressure and wear characteristics in the past. Today, with the integration of tyre pressure monitoring system sensors and RFID tracking, data collection is becoming increasingly automated. These advancements allow for real-time analysis and improved accuracy in performance evaluations. Although not all tyres currently include RFID technology, the trend is clearly moving towards fully automated data integration.

High-speed uniformity testing is another area undergoing transition. “Demand for this type of testing peaked several years ago, particularly for performance and luxury vehicles. However, as EVs continue to grow heavier, the impact of uniformity variations at high speeds has diminished. A vehicle that is 500–800 kg heavier places less emphasis on tyre uniformity, making it less of a critical factor for the driver. Despite this trend, high-speed uniformity testing remains essential in laboratory settings, where it provides valuable insights into braking performance, torque application and wet grip. While production-line high-speed testing has seen a slight decline, laboratory testing remains a necessary step in ensuring that EV tyres meet safety and performance standards,” noted Winter.

Investment trends in the industry also reflect this evolving landscape. Many tyre manufacturers are opting for outdoor testing because it requires lower upfront investment. Outdoor tests can be conducted by hiring test vehicles and drivers rather than investing in costly laboratory equipment.

Nonetheless, core testing parameters such as uniformity, geometry and balance will remain essential despite the shifts, noted the executive.

INTELLIGENT MACHINES

Winter noted that artificial intelligence (AI) will also play a significant role in tyre testing, particularly in analysing wear test results. While machine builders focus on developing equipment that ensures precise and reproducible testing conditions, AI is increasingly being used in areas like shearography testing.

“For now, AI’s role in direct test result analysis remains limited as interpreting the data largely falls to manufacturers. Testing machines must guarantee consistent results under identical conditions ensuring uniform abrasion rates. However, manufacturers leverage AI to assess tread compounds and wear conditions, an area beyond the machine builder’s core business,” said Murauchi.

Software is also becoming increasingly important in tyre testing, though integration varies by manufacturer size. Major companies prefer to use proprietary quality tools and focus on seamless data integration.

Smaller manufacturers, however, seek guidance on handling test data, creating opportunities for collaboration with software firms.

Despite handling vast amounts of test data, the company is not pursuing a business model centred on data analytics or test services. Some competitors have expanded into internal testing and data-driven solutions, but this firm remains committed to machine building.

UPGRADING SYSTEMS

Customers today are increasingly seeking testing machines that can be upgraded rather than replaced after 15–20 years. Their expectation is to minimise costs while extending the machine’s lifecycle, though upgrading a machine directly in a customer’s plant at minimal cost is not always feasible. Despite this, manufacturers are focusing on designing equipment that allows for easier upgrades over time.

“One key aspect of this shift is the move away from hydraulic systems. All of our testing equipment is now fully electric, whether it is a compression tester, steering tester or vibration tester. This transition was influenced by Japan’s experience with earthquakes, particularly the 2011 disaster that led to power shortages. Following the Fukushima incident, the Japanese Government required manufacturers to reduce power consumption by 15 percent. Unlike hydraulic systems, which require stable oil temperature and pressure, our fully electric machines can be turned on and off instantly, making them more energy-efficient and reducing operational downtime,” averred Murauchi.

The focus on energy efficiency extends to long-term improvements in machine performance. Over the years, the company has developed systems that significantly reduce electricity consumption. Since tyre wear testers run for long durations daily, its energy usage directly impacts operating costs.

“We developed an innovative drive concept that provides force-synchronised control of the drum and test tyre, allowing tyre slip to be precisely applied via a highly dynamic torque-on-demand system. Combined with our specially adapted load case collective, this new system achieves a nearly 90 percent reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional hydraulically driven wear testers. As a result, we can dramatically reduce the running cost for our customers. The first sets of these advanced systems have already been successfully implemented at a major Japanese company, demonstrating the effectiveness of our energy-efficient approach,” revealed Winter.

REGULATORY CHANGES

Regulations play a critical role in shaping the tyre testing industry as manufacturers continuously adapt to new requirements. Winter anticipates significant regulatory changes, particularly in Europe and Asia, over the next four to five years that will impact tyre testing and development.

“One of the key upcoming regulations is related to tyre wear. There is increasing focus on how quickly tyres wear out and how that affects road safety and environmental impact. In addition to wear, the wet grip performance

of tyres is expected to come under stricter regulations, pushing manufacturers to provide more transparent data on its products’ real-world performance. Another area of growing interest is tyre lifespan, particularly for commercial truck and bus tyres. Customers are becoming more focused on the overall service life of tyres rather than just wear resistance, which means testing procedures may need to evolve,” said Winter.

“Tyre safety is another area where regulations are expected to tighten. In the past, tyre testing has primarily focused on new tyres, but we foresee that future regulations may require testing on worn tyres as well. This is because a new tyre performs optimally, but its behaviour can change significantly after use. Factors such as tread depth, air pressure variations and temperature fluctuations influence how a tyre performs over time, and regulators may demand better data on these aspects,” he added.

Currently, tyre testing is done under standard conditions, but in reality, tyres are used in extreme temperatures ranging from sub-zero to scorching heat. With the rise of autonomous driving, there is an increasing need for tyres to be tested in a variety of weather conditions.

Future regulations may require more comprehensive testing to ensure that tyres perform predictably across different temperatures, humidity levels and road conditions. Autonomous vehicle systems will likely rely on detailed tyre performance data to make real-time driving decisions, which could drive the development of new testing methodologies.

FOOTPRINT

Asia remains the strongest market for the company, where it has established itself as the market leader with deep customer relationships. While competition is intense in Europe, the company has tested its machines with premium manufacturers and is adapting its equipment to meet the specific needs of different tyre makers.

The company is deploying pilot projects across various segments including passenger car and truck tyres to expand in Europe. These initial installations allow for extended testing before securing approvals to participate in larger procurement processes. In contrast, the wear tester segment is less competitive with only a few global suppliers, positioning the company as a key player with extensive collaborations worldwide. The focus now is on strengthening technical partnerships, installing pilot units and integrating its solutions within the operational frameworks of major tyre makers.

The company has set a target to expand capacity to 150 units per year, potentially by the end of 2025. While European markets face margin pressures, the company’s challenge lies in scaling up production in Asia, US and Europe to meet growing global demand.

The European replacement tyre market displayed mixed signals in the first quarter of 2025, with consumer tyres growing modestly while truck and agricultural segments contracted, according to data released by the European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers’ Association (ETRMA).

Consumer tyre sales grew 3 percent in the first quarter compared to the same period last year, continuing the recovery observed in the second half of 2024. The all-seasons segment emerged as the standout performer with a robust 14 percent growth, whilst winter tyres rose 5 percent. Summer tyres declined by 3 percent.

"In Consumer tyres, the recovery observed in the second half of 2024 (+8 percent) has continued in the first quarter of 2025. Volumes were close to those reached in the first quarter of 2019, before the impact of the pandemic," said Adam McCarthy, ETRMA's Secretary General.

The truck tyre segment, however, showed weakness with a 4 percent decline compared to Q1 2024 and remains 11 percent below pre-pandemic levels. Agricultural tyres mirrored this downward trend with a 4 percent reduction, whilst motorcycle and scooter tyres grew 7 percent against what the association described as "a relatively weak first quarter of 2024".

McCarthy attributed the truck segment's poor performance to "economic and political uncertainties" affecting the market.

The data reveals a striking trend in tyre imports, with passenger car and light truck tyre imports into Europe surging 12 percent in the first two months of 2025 compared to the same period last year. This follows a 17 percent increase in 2024, with Chinese imports up 18 percent, Korean imports up 30 percent, and Indian imports up 34 percent.

Industry analysts suggest this import surge reflects both consumer cost pressures and production challenges facing European manufacturers.

"Pressure on household budgets has increased demand for low-cost imports whilst European tyre production costs, particularly for energy, have increased at a faster pace than in other regions," the ETRMA report noted.

In a separate trend, truck and bus tyre imports from outside Europe grew 8 percent in early 2025, with ASEAN countries now representing over 60 percent of imported volumes. Vietnam's share has grown significantly, accounting for over a quarter of imports in the period.

The association also highlighted that despite significant changes in mobility patterns, with car traffic yet to fully recover from pandemic lows, the total light vehicle fleet in Europe grew by 1.4 percent in 2024, adding more than 4 million vehicles. Light commercial vehicles showed stronger growth, driven by e-commerce and last-mile delivery expansion.

The report estimates that nearly 4.5 million tonnes of used tyres were generated across Europe in 2024, with only about 600,000 tonnes reused or retreaded.

Ralson Tire North America (RTNA) has made some strategic changes in its top management with an aim to strengthen its foundation for the future. The company has promoted Mark Roe to Vice President of Sales for the company. Roe previously served as Vice President – Sales (West) for the company. Apart from this, Christy Neito has been promoted to the role of Business Manager for RTNA.

According to the company, Roe will work closely with all RTNA sales managers to assign roles and coordinate execution, which will improve performance and focus throughout RTNA.

Neito has over 20 years of expertise in operational administration, bookkeeping and office management. She joined RTNA in 2023. Neito will be in charge of banking and accounting coordination, cash management, compliance and administrative assistance for HR services as part of her enlarged duties.

RTNA Senior Vice President Brian Sheehey, said, “Mark brings over three decades of rich experience in domestic and regional sales within the tyre industry and has been an integral part of RTNA since 2024. His deep industry expertise and leadership will be key drivers in strengthening our sales organisation.”

“Christy’s expertise and collaborative approach will be pivotal as we scale operations. We are confident that these changes will further propel RTNA’s growth trajectory and strengthen our foundations for the future,” added Sheehey.

Hyderabad-based manufacturer targets 2 million monthly units within five years

In recent years, Hyderabad-based ARL Tyres has proven to be a versatile and innovative player with ambitious strategic goals. From providing specialised rubber items to the Indian military to creating innovative solutions for the emerging electric vehicle segment, ARL Tyres has shown remarkable resilience since its inception as a family enterprise in 1983.

With production levels now crossing 150,000 units per month and ambitious goals to reach two million units per month in five years, ARL is placing itself at the cusp of conventional industrial manufacturing and future mobility solutions. Its recent appearance at the Ride Asia EV Expo showcased the company’s wide range of products and its dedication to supporting India’s developing transportation infrastructure with niche products such as Smart Tyres and terrain-specific Mud Master range.

Hyderabad-based ARL Tyres, a division of Agarwal Rubber Limited, recently showcased its products, including tyres and tubes, at the Ride Asia EV Expo held at Bharat Mandapam this year. The company has established itself as a trusted partner for the Indian Army and Indian Air Force. It offers a comprehensive range of products, including tyres for two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs). It is also known for manufacturing Smart Tyres.

Growth Plans

The types of tyres being produced at this company include those for ultra-light trucks, two-wheelers, forklifts, tractors and light trucks. The company manufactures approximately 12,000 tyres daily at its production facility, selling across different areas of the country due to a 400-strong network of exclusive dealers.

According to Gautam Ghosh, Head-West Zone at ARL Tyres, “We are very optimistic about tyre sales in 2025 as there is tremendous potential in the EV sector. So far, in 2025, we have been averaging close to 150,000 units per month. Expect us to touch 0.2 to 0.25 million units a month by the end of this year.”

Continuing the expansion plan, the company intends to touch at least two million monthly units in five years. This growth is supported by its extensive network of exclusive dealers distributed across various regions of India.

Technical Expertise and Manufacturing Capabilities

In 2000, ARL Tyres gathered in-depth knowledge about all the major tyre technologies, manufacturing processes and industry standards. Apart from tyres, this ISO 9001:2015-certified company is also known for manufacturing high-quality flaps, envelopes, curing bags, bladders and butyl tubes.

Today, the company boasts an ultra-modern tube manufacturing unit that produces roughly 50,000 high-grade butyl rubber automotive tubes. While the range begins with two-wheeler sizes, it also extends to the aviation and OTR (Off-The-Road) sectors

Defence Sector Connection

Since 1996, ARL’s technical expertise in rubber has enabled it to supply tubes to the Indian defence sector. The durability and performance of its products have made ARL a preferred OEM supplier for the Indian Air Force, Indian Army, BEML (Bharat Earth Movers Limited), and HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited).

Products for E3W Segment

For the electric three-wheeler market, which includes auto-rickshaws (passenger and commercial) and e-rickshaws, ARL offers both tube-type and tubeless tyres in sizes 4.00-12 and 4.50-12. The company markets two brands for this vehicle category: the Savera and the Xtreme.

According to the company, individuals should choose the Savera for its performance, safety, and durability on urban and semi-urban roads. Its non-skid Depth (NSD) ranges from 5.5 mm to 6.5 mm, which gives it good grip and safety. It would be useful as a passenger and cargo tyre.

On the other hand, ARL Xtreme is a tube-type tyre that optimises long-lasting performance, grip and safety on various roads. It differs from the Savera in terms of design and safety. Unlike the Savera, an NSD of 9mm is available here. Engineers at ARL have created a stylish design for the Xtreme that balances aesthetics and functionality with advanced technology.

Global Reach and Partnerships

Beyond the domestic market, ARL exports its products to more than 60 countries worldwide. Over the years, ARL Tyres has forged a few partnerships with top brands and continues to do so. For example, the company partnered with Chandu Champion, cheered India at the Paris Olympics through its ‘Jeet ki Aur’ campaign, and sponsored RCB during IPL 2025.

Innovative Offerings

Among its unique propositions, ARL offers OEM test drives with new tyres at specific locations, allowing auto manufacturers to fine-tune vehicle designs according to tyres and provide targeted inputs. It also sells Smart Tyres with scientific tread designs for efficient movement. The cross sipes on these tyres differ greatly from regular tyres and help grip wet and muddy surfaces. Instead of relying on vehicle technologies, these tyres are themselves available with real-time monitoring capabilities.

Company History and Client Base

ARL was founded as a family business in 1983 and became a tyre manufacturing company. Mobility companies such as Maa Luxmi India and Ferranza Electric Vehicle Private Limited, which were present at the Ride Asia Expo EV, are clients of ARL, as are the OEM manufacturers Omaha, Arel and Yakuza. While ARL’s trials for the Thukral Electric Bike have already commenced, the dispatches have not yet begun.

The European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers’ Association (ETRMA) has promoted Stella Mathioudaki to Director, Product Stewardship & Sustainability of the association.

Mathioudaki has a PhD in Physics – Materials Science from Université de Namur and has been associated with ETRMA since November 2023, working in the capacity of Senior Manager – Materials Stewardship. Before joining ETRMA, she worked as Senior Chemicals Policy Consultant at Acumen Public Affairs. Mathioudaki will spearhead important projects on tyre sustainability, including recycling, retreading and the wider shift to a circular economy, in addition to supervising the industry's efforts on responsible material usage and regulatory compliance in her new position at ETRMA.