Marubeni Corporation has taken a significant step into Thailand’s tyre recycling industry by acquiring a 32 percent stake in Green Rubber Energy, an ELT pyrolysis company. This strategic partnership aims to address the tyre industry’s waste management challenges, foster sustainability and strengthen circular economy practices by producing high-quality recovered carbon black and other recycled materials.

Marubeni Corporation recently forayed into Thailand’s tyre recycling space with investing in Green Rubber Energy (GRE), an end-of-life tyre pyrolysis company headquartered in Samut Prakan.

Speaking to Tyre Trends on the partnership, GRE Chief Executive Officer Mai Auapinyakul said, “Marubeni, with its expansive upstream-to downstream network, has long sought to tackle the waste tyre challenge while addressing sustainability goals for major tyre manufacturers. GRE fills a critical gap in Marubeni’s strategy by stepping in as the recycler, a role previously missing in its ecosystem. The partnership between GRE and Marubeni is built on a foundation of trust, having worked together for over five years in the recovered carbon black (rCB) market. GRE’s expertise and Marubeni’s global reach create a natural synergy, fostering collaboration across the entire supply chain, from producers to recyclers.”

The executive revealed that Marubeni now holds a 32 percent stake in GRE, solidifying its entry into the ELT and tyre pyrolysis business in Thailand. While financial specifics remained undisclosed, she mentioned that this partnership is poised to significantly influence regional tyre recycling markets.

“GRE’s vision to lead as a key technological player in closing the circular economy loop aligns seamlessly with Marubeni’s strategy in tyre recycling. This collaboration marks a pivotal step in transforming the tyre industry’s linear supply chain characterised by ‘make, use and discard’ into a circular one focused on ‘use, remake and recycle’,” said Auapinyakul.

The recycler emphasised that a successful circular supply chain demands a seamless partnership among producers, users and recyclers. As tyre manufacturers push towards sustainability targets such as integrating recycled raw materials into their production processes by 2050, GRE plays a critical role in ensuring the quality and consistency of rCB.

“Recovered carbon black production is inherently tied to the formulation of input tyres, whether truck tyres, eco tyres or passenger car tyres. GRE’s approach underscores that ‘what goes in is what comes out’. Tyre manufacturers’ formulations directly influence the rCB quality GRE supplies back to the industry, making collaboration not just beneficial but essential,” said the executive.

She added, “Marubeni’s extensive network within the tyre manufacturing industry opens new avenues for GRE to meet industry-grade rCB standards. This collaboration fosters innovation and quality assurance while expanding the dialogue on the broader adoption of rCB in both tyre and compounding industries.”

DEMAND FOR RCB GRE’s

ELT recycling process produces three primary commercial products that include rCB, tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) and steel wires. The rCB produced is equivalent to N660-grade carbon black, offering a sustainable alternative for industrial applications. TPO serves as a versatile byproduct used in fuel and chemical production, while the steel wires extracted during the process are sold to recycling markets.

The company currently focuses on the regional market with most of its rCB distributed within Thailand. However, GRE has begun exporting small quantities of rCB to Malaysia and Japan, indicating the growing international interest in sustainable materials. While regional demand remains GRE’s core focus, the international market offers significant potential for expansion as global sustainability goals and regulations gain momentum.

“In Thailand, the initial demand for rCB was driven largely by its cost advantage over virgin carbon black. Over time, this has evolved as manufacturers, especially those exporting to the European Union, adapt to stringent sustainability regulations that prioritise the use of recycled raw materials. Today, major tyre manufacturers are increasingly incorporating rCB into their production processes to meet their long-term environmental targets, resulting in heightened demand for GRE’s products,” said the official.

Adopting rCB, however, comes with its challenges. “Unlike virgin carbon black, rCB is not a one-to-one replacement due to its molecular differences stemming from the recycling process. Manufacturers must adjust their formulations and production methods to ensure compatibility. This shift in the supply chain mindset requires close collaboration between GRE and tyre producers. GRE has been proactive in addressing this challenge by working with manufacturers to align on product specifications and processes, fostering a ‘two-way street’ approach to innovation,” said Auapinyakul.

Currently, GRE’s plant in Samut Prakan, Thailand, processes around 10,000 tonnes of ELT annually, with Mai Auapinyakul, CEO, Marubeni an output split of approximately 38 percent tyre pyrolysis oil, 32 percent recovered carbon black and 13 percent steel wires. While operating below its full capacity of 13,000 tonnes, GRE plans to scale production in the coming year to meet the rising demand for rCB. With the local market currently using rCB in a 10 to 90 percent ratio compared to virgin carbon black, GRE anticipates this will shift to 30 percent rCB and 70 percent virgin carbon black within five years, signalling a transformative change in the tyre and materials industries.

FINE TUNING

GRE claimed to have achieved notable advancements in stabilising the quality of rCB for tyre applications through the implementation of continuous pyrolysis technology. While pyrolysis itself is not a new innovation, GRE has tailored its processes to prioritise rCB production over TPO, a strategy that sets it apart from many batch pyrolysis operations that emphasise oil production. Over nearly a decade, GRE has fine-tuned its technology to meet the stringent quality and stability requirements of the tyre industry, ensuring the rCB produced is suitable for tyre manufacturing.

Moreover, the collaboration seeks to purify rCB and TPO leveraging technology from Germany’s RCB Nanotechnologies GmbH, in which Marubeni has invested. Commenting on the implementation, the executive averred, “While GRE has not yet worked directly with Germany’s RCB Nanotechnology, the potential for collaboration is significant. GRE sees this as an exciting opportunity to further enhance the quality of its rCB and expand into higher-grade products, unlocking greater value in the sustainable raw materials market. The collaboration is expected to align with GRE’s goal of increasing market share by offering diversified grades of rCB, supported by Marubeni’s investment and resources.”

ENSURING SUPPLY

According to the company, Thailand generates approximately 80,000 tonnes of ELTs annually, with an additional 25,000 tonnes of off-spec tyres classified as waste. Currently, the ELT volume is increasing at a rate of around five percent per year driven by rising vehicle use and tyre turnover. With Marubeni’s expanded network and GRE’s growing capacity, the percentage of ELTs recycled is expected to increase significantly, reducing environmental impact and advancing the circular economy within the region.

Furthermore, the collaboration seeks to ensure a steady supply of the ELTs to GRE. Commenting on the supply chain, Auapinyakul noted, “Marubeni’s involvement brings strategic advantages in securing a consistent supply of ELTs. By leveraging its extensive network, including partnerships with tyre retailers and service providers, Marubeni ensures a steady flow of ELTs for GRE. This network also connects GRE to tyre manufacturers, allowing the collection of off-spec tyres directly from production lines.” “This expanded supply chain not only guarantees raw materials for GRE’s increasing production capacity but also addresses environmental concerns by ensuring ELTs are properly recycled and re-introduced into the market as sustainable products. Marubeni’s support enables GRE to scale its operations while promoting responsible waste management practices in Thailand,” she added.

EXPANDING REACH

Thailand offers a robust ecosystem for establishing a proofof- concept model. The country’s well-integrated tyre industry supply chain provides an ideal environment to demonstrate the feasibility and scalability of a closedloop recycling model. GRE aims to leverage this position by expanding its production capacity in Thailand, focusing on both domestic supply and exports.

The next five to 10 years will see GRE doubling its current maximum capacity to 26,000 tonnes with a clear strategy to expand the applications of its products. Once the model is fully operational in Thailand, GRE and Marubeni plan to adapt and replicate it in other regions, with Japan being a key target. Marubeni’s extensive network and expertise will play a pivotal role in expanding into Japan and potentially beyond the Asia-Pacific.

While the tyre industry remains the primary consumer of rCB, GRE is also exploring other markets.

Radar Tires has appointed industry veteran Paul Stahoviak as its new Territory Sales Manager for North America. In this strategic role, Stahoviak will spearhead the expansion of Radar's Midwest operations while developing the company's premium Radar Elite Dealer (RED) network. The automotive expert brings four decades of experience working with leading manufacturers and retailers to this position.

Radar Tires has achieved remarkable growth in recent years through continuous product innovation and progressive business strategies. Since entering the US market in 2006, the company has also built a reputation for corporate social responsibility, contributing millions to meaningful initiatives such as breast cancer awareness. By combining high-performance tyres with a commitment to purpose-driven business practices, Radar continues to strengthen its position in the competitive tyre industry.

Rob Montasser, Vice President of Radar Tire, North America, said, “Paul’s deep knowledge of the industry, combined with his relentless energy and positive attitude, makes him a great addition to the Radar team. His longstanding relationships and reputation for excellence will help us continue building strong partnerships and expanding our footprint across the Midwest.”

Stahoviak said, “I’m excited to join Radar Tires and help drive the growth of this great brand. I’m passionate about building lasting relationships with our partners and helping our brand succeed in the marketplace.”

As vehicle emissions regulations evolve, the lack of global uniformity is becoming a growing concern for OEMs and tyre manufacturers. With disparate standards across regions, companies are forced to navigate a complex regulatory maze, straining research and development and production resources. The shift towards electric mobility coupled with heightened focus on non-tailpipe emissions, such as tyre and brake abrasion, further amplifies the need for harmonised frameworks. Industry leaders including Audi’s Sebastian Gramstat argue that collaboration across borders and sectors is essential not just for compliance but for meaningful progress in sustainability and innovation.

Tyre regulations are rules and standards established to ensure that tyres used on vehicles meet safety, environmental and performance criteria. The impetus on new and updated regulations is also growing across regions to reduce pollution brought about by tyre abrasion, rolling noise etc.

The ECE R30, ECE R117, EU Tyre Labelling Regulation (2020/740), which is implemented within the European countries, or JIS Standards of Japan, CCC Certification of China, AIS 142 and BIS Certification of India and FMVSS, DOT Code and UTQG of the United States are different region-specific regulations aiming for a same outcome.

But the vastness of these regulations poses as a challenge for automobile OEMs and tyre makers alike as a lot of energy and resources have to be diverted within production and research and development lines to meet these standards.

Furthermore, the advancement of electric mobility and changes in vehicle dynamics are also slated to impose new regulations worldwide. Hence, the need for a uniform regulation has become a precondition.

Speaking to Tyre Trends on the need for uniform regulations, Dr Sebastian Gramstat, Senior Expert Development Brake System, Audi AG, averred, “Our company delivers products globally and having a unified standard is far more efficient than navigating a patchwork of regional requirements and regulations. Harmonisation brings clear operational and strategic advantages. That’s why we actively support and participate in standardisation and harmonisation working groups.”

“The European Union is involved through bodies such as the Joint Research Centre (JRC), but we also recognise the unique demands of other markets, particularly the US, where customer expectations can diverge significantly. These are often beyond the immediate scope of EU regulators. Our role is to help connect these dots by facilitating dialogue, sharing insights and contributing to building a global standard that benefits the entire ecosystem. We believe this collaborative approach is not only useful but essential to moving the industry forward,” he added.

The need for uniformity is exacerbated as OEMs and tyre makers continuously amp up research and development efforts to curb noise and air pollution from tyres. “Noise pollution, particulate matter or overall tyre wear remains a challenge. And the first step to tackle it is collaboration to develop a standardised method for accurately measuring tyre abrasion and wear. We are also working on such collaborations. Without reliable quantification, you can’t evaluate whether any mitigation measure is actually effective,” said Dr Gramstat.

He added, “This method needs to be robust, applicable across a wide range of real-world scenarios and globally accepted. That’s why we’re collaborating not only with industry partners and academia but also with regulatory authorities. This effort is taking place under the auspices of the United Nations and involves close coordination with national bodies, ministries and the European Commission. The goal is to ensure that the methodology we develop isn’t just technically sound but also internationally harmonised with Euro 7 regulations and integrated into UN regulations so it can be implemented consistently across Europe, North America, Asia and beyond.”

THE EURO 7

Tyres are a crucial component of overall vehicle design to the extent that many OEMs have dedicated in-house departments focused solely on tyre development, including Audi AG. While tyres aren’t developed in isolation, the process involves close collaboration with manufacturers to meet specific, often bespoke, requirements. These custom specifications ensure the tyre aligns with the car’s performance targets and regulatory demands including type approval.

When selecting a tyre, OEMs weigh multiple parameters; safety, performance and comfort are chief among them. But increasingly, attention is also given to sustainability and economy. Factors like tyre abrasion, longevity and fuel efficiency are becoming just as critical, particularly as regulatory frameworks begin to formalise such requirements.

Ultimately, the process involves balancing trade-offs. As Dr Gramstat put it, no tyre can deliver 100 percent on every metric. The goal is to find the best possible compromise – one that supports a premium product and meets both regulatory standards and consumer expectations.

Euro 7 is the upcoming EU vehicle emissions regulation set to take effect from 2025 for cars and vans and 2027 for trucks and buses. It introduces stricter limits on nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and particulate emissions, covering both combustion and electric vehicles.

It also regulates brake and tyre emissions and requires compliance under real driving conditions. It aims to cut air pollution, support the European Green Deal and standardise emission rules across vehicle types.

Alluding to whether the industry is ready to adopt the regulation, Dr Gramstat noted, “The industry is well-positioned for adoption. The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) plays a central role in coordinating the efforts of tyre manufacturers across the continent, including legacy European brands and Asian manufacturers, with research and development and production facilities in Europe. Beyond Europe, we’re seeing strong international engagement. U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association (USTMA) is actively involved, and on the global standards side, ISO is working in parallel to develop the necessary technical frameworks. Stakeholders from China are also contributing significantly. This is no longer just a regional conversation but a truly global initiative. Experts from continents are collaborating to align regulatory, technical and industrial priorities, ensuring the tyre industry is prepared to meet the evolving demands of Euro 7 and beyond.”

Further outlining the impact of the regulation, he said, “Tyre manufacturers have largely operated under internal benchmarks for metrics like mileage and abrasion till date. Euro 7 represents a shift towards formal regulation, creating a harmonised framework that applies to the entire industry. This will undoubtedly influence existing design priorities. There’s a complex interplay between various tyre performance criteria such as wet grip, rolling resistance, noise and abrasion. Regulatory limits on one can impact the others, so the challenge will be to minimise trade-offs while maintaining overall performance. At this stage, it’s difficult to offer a one-size-fits-all answer. The impact will vary depending on vehicle type.”

REPLACEMENTS

Premium automobile OEMs like Audi have been using tyres from premium European tyre makers for decades. But as the status of Asian manufacturers changes, there might be room for such companies within the supply chain of premium car makers.

“At the end of the day, it’s not about the brand label but meeting the technical and performance specifications we define. Whether a supplier operates in the premium or high-volume segment, what matters is its ability to fulfil our requirements. If a manufacturer can meet those benchmarks and is willing to collaborate and co-develop with us, then they’re absolutely welcome. Competition in the supplier landscape is a positive force. It drives innovation, efficiency and ultimately better outcomes for the end consumer. We believe valuable ideas can come from any corner of the market and we’re open to partners who share our commitment to quality, performance and progress,” said Dr Gramstat.

He also acknowledged that there is a growing trend within the company to include tyres made from renewable and recycled materials. “The move towards sustainable materials is more than a marketing exercise. It’s becoming embedded in product development strategies across the industry. We’re already seeing recycled content being integrated into certain product lines, and the ambition from suppliers to scale this up is very real. What’s encouraging is that this isn’t limited to one-off pilot products. There’s genuine momentum towards making sustainability a core part of tyre manufacturing. For us, this aligns with our broader sustainability goals, and we see it as a critical area of innovation moving forward,” said Dr Gramstat.

However, the executive emphasised the importance of maintaining a balance too. According to him, sustainability is just one of several key factors in vehicle design while others include safety, comfort, performance and cost. He stressed that no single aspect, including sustainability, could come at the expense of another.

To meet these multi-dimensional goals, additional research and development efforts are required to create a product that meets safety and performance standards while also addressing environmental concerns. Economy remains a consideration as well. Internal research conducted under a European-funded project suggested that customers are, in fact, willing to pay a premium for more sustainable products but only up to a point. Price sensitivity remains a limiting factor.

Turning towards next-generation tyre concepts such as airless tyres, Dr Gramstat noted that innovative ideas like this were once viewed as distant possibilities but are now gaining traction. He cited the LEON-TI project from four years ago, in which airless tyre prototypes were first explored. Since then, similar concepts have been tested by various companies, including in pilot programmes for commercial delivery fleets in Asia.

Although these innovations show promise, particularly for reducing noise emissions and improving durability, they are still in advanced development stages.

THE FUTURE IS CHANGING

As the automotive industry moves towards electrification, the conversation around ‘zero-emission’ vehicles is evolving. Dr Gramstat acknowledged that while electric vehicles eliminate tailpipe emissions, other sources of pollution such as brake and tyre abrasion remain unaddressed in regulatory terms.

Currently, there are no standardised methods for measuring particulate emissions from these sources, but the industry is actively working on it. According to the executive, regulatory bodies and stakeholders are collaborating to develop measurement frameworks. Once these standards are in place, automakers will be able to quantify non-tailpipe emissions and provide a more accurate assessment of a vehicle’s overall environmental footprint.

The executive stressed that collaboration across the value chain is essential, especially between vehicle manufacturers and tyre companies. Such partnerships already exist within serial and advanced development efforts, including participation in the United Nations’ GRBP task force, which brings together manufacturers, tyre associations and regulators to advance tyre abrasion standards.

Weight reduction remains another key challenge. Automakers continue to look for ways to decrease vehicle mass but face constraints. Safety regulations now require more sensors and electronic control units (ECUs), which cumulatively increase vehicle weight. Although each component adds little individually, the growing number of sensors and accompanying wiring has a significant cumulative impact.

As for tyre development, the question of smart tyre was also addressed. While such technology offers valuable insights during research and development phases, Dr Gramstat expressed scepticism about its near-term viability for mass-market vehicles.

In a major step toward sustainable waste management, RPM Automotive Group has partnered with Fornnax to enhance its tyre recycling capabilities in Australia.

As part of the initiative, RPM has integrated Fornnax’s high-capacity SR-200 HD primary shredder into its operations, significantly improving recycling efficiency and material quality.

The collaboration supports RPM’s broader environmental goals and positions the company to process over 180 tonnes of used tyres weekly, with plans to scale beyond 300 tonnes. The move is expected to help RPM capture up to 5 percent of Australia’s national market share in tyre recycling.

Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax, said, "At Fornnax, we understand the urgency of addressing end-of-life tyre waste, not just in Australia but globally. The SR-200 HD Primary Shredder is designed for exceptional efficiency, enabling RPM to process vast quantities of discarded tyres while maintaining optimal operational performance. This collaboration showcases our dedication to providing our clients with the robust, high-performance solutions they need to excel in the circular economy."

RPM’s 3,500 sqmt facility not only boosts recycling output but also transforms waste tyres into rubber-based materials for road projects and industrial fuel. Leveraging its distribution network, the company aims to recycle up to 54,000 tonnes of tyres over five years.

The initiative aligns with Australia’s 2021 ban on tyre waste exports and underscores the urgent need for local recycling solutions.

Birla Tyre has launched a new brand identity featuring a redesigned logo and corporate website, marking a major step in its transformation journey under new ownership. The company, now backed by a consortium led by Dalmia Bharat Refractories (DBRL) as Resolution Applicant, and strategic partner Himadri Speciality Chemical (HSCL), aims to position itself as a premium, high-performance and future-ready brand.

The company plans to roll out a multi-platform marketing campaign and focus on re-entering key markets, expanding distribution and strengthening its product portfolio.

The refreshed identity reflects Birla Tyre’s renewed focus on speed, innovation and excellence. The new logo includes a custom wordmark symbolising forward motion and a tiger motif – called ‘Tyger’ – representing power, agility and leadership. The blue and orange colour scheme signifies trust and optimism.

Anurag Choudhary, Chairman and Managing Director & CEO, Himadri Speciality Chemical, said, “This rebranding is more than merely a visual transformation; it is a reaffirmation of our dedication to purposeful development and progress.” 

Dr Chandra Narain Maheswari, Whole Time Director & CEO, Dalmia Bharat Refractories, said, “Our new logo encapsulates the essence of Birla Tyre, which is founded on four fundamental pillars: a legacy that motivates boldness, a product line that is prepared for the future, an unwavering commitment to continuous innovation and a oneness with world around us. As this new identity signals Birla Tyre’s readiness to meet the evolving needs of the automotive industry with energy, innovation, and purpose.”