Rubber presents a challenge for optical-based measurement sensors. By nature, the black surface is difficult to capture reliable data from and accurately measure. This challenge is often intensified by the complex shapes into which rubber derivatives are extruded or molded.

As a solution to this challenge, 3D laser sensor manufacturers have optimised the design of their sensors to successfully implement scanning and quality control functions for both in-process and final product inspection applications in rubber and tyre manufacturing.

3D laser scanning

Rubber material comes in two forms on the production line, either as fresh and uncured from an extruder or a calender, or as a finished product (e.g., vulcanised tyres). Non-contact 3D laser scanning offers the most practical solution for inspection of both of these rubber material types.

Here’s why:

1. The soft, gummy nature of the rubber makes contact-type measurement ineffective. This measurement approach is also too slow to keep up with the high-speeds of continuous web material production.

2. 2D sensors require complex lighting to see black-on-black contrast. In some applications the lighting is placed underneath the material (e.g., when measuring the width of a strip), and hot sticking rubber can contaminate the lights. In addition, 2D can’t produce measurements related to object geometry (i.e., 3D shape), which means they are unable to measure critical features such as object flatness, surface angles, or part volumes, and are limited to contrast-based inspection. This makes 2D sensors a poor solution for scanning complex shape-based features on dark surfaces, or for operation in low lighting conditions.

          3. In comparison, 3D laser sensors are contrast invariants and generate high-resolution scans regardless of the material or lighting conditions. They also capture the complete 3D geometry of the scan target, including critical depth measurements on surface features such as grooves in a tyre tread. 3D laser sensors are also able to achieve the high speeds required for continuous web material scanning.

Laser profile sensors provide an ideal solution to both in-process and final rubber and tyre measurement and quality control applications. Built-in measurement tools for strip positions, including multiple groove location and depth measurement monitoring with automated alignment enable engineers to configure setup parameters––without requiring any measurement software development.

In addition, the ability to store multiple geometry configurations in the sensor makes changes between different recipes quick and simple, which is critical in minimising downtime for operations that make model changes multiple times per shift.

Application examples

1. In-Process Inspection

Extrusion Profiling with High-Resolution Gocator® 2440 Laser Profiler

Extruding rubber in a specific shape makes up the tread portion of a tyre. Measurement of the extrusion profile is carried out in-process, correcting the extrusion parameters in real-time to maintain the required shape. Key measurement parameters include thickness, width, and profile. Another required sensor capability is monitoring the position of surface features, such as ridges, center lines, and edges.

Profiling these tread extrusions is done by using 3D laser sensors to scan across the extrusion, generating a profile to which built-in measurement tools and pass/fail decision-making logic can be applied.

In this example, two Gocator 2440 laser line profilers are used to measure the rubber web’s extrusion groove pattern, geometry, and location with an X resolution down to 13 microns. Gocator 2440 sensors are able to inspect multiple grooves in a single setup, and groove measurements are unaffected by changes in surface angle relative to the sensor.

Most importantly, Gocator 2440 sensors generate critical 3D height data for robust shape measurement. 2D solutions are limited to contrast-based inspection.

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3. Final tyre inspection

Tyre Sidewall Inspection with High-Speed Gocator 2530 Laser Profiler

Traditional methods for measuring tyre sidewalls for defects such as bulges and dents suffer from too many false rejects (i.e., classifying a good tyre as defective). Due to measurement system limitations, many manufacturers have no choice but to “oversensitise” their sidewall bulge and dent measurement systems, resulting in costly manual inspection requirements for all rejected tyres.

In fact, some measurement systems cannot even distinguish between bulges or dents. However, with state-of-the art laser measurement precision and advanced built-in software analysis, false positive rates can be substantially reduced and, in many cases, eliminated altogether.

Using a Gocator 2530 laser profiler the engineer is able to generate full surface point cloud geometry data in order to detect small defects (down to 28 microns X resolution) anywhere on the sidewall surface. The sensor also delivers complete scan, measurement, and control at 4 kHz, allowing engineers to meet stringent cycle time requirements––with no need for industrial PCs or external controllers.

In this configuration, two profile sensors are typically used, one for each sidewall (top and bottom buddy system). A third sensor is often used to monitor radial runout of the tread.

Leveraging 3D Laser Scanning and Inspection

Laser-based laser triangulation sensors meet the high speed and high resolution requirements for accurate rubber and tyre measurement. These sensors are used in a variety of in-process and final inspection applications, including extrusion profiling and tyre sidewall inspection.

Adding 3D laser sensors for automated quality control is vital to reducing scrap and rework, and improving final product quality by maintaining consistency throughout the tyre manufacturing process.

Courtesy of LMI Technologies www.lmi3d.com

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Dunlop (company name: Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.) has secured the first commercial deployment of its SENSING CORE technology in China. The system's ‘tyre load detection’ and ‘tyre air pressure detection’ functions have been adopted by Chongqing Ruichi Automotive Industry Co., Ltd. (Ruichi) for its new electric commercial vehicle model, the Ruichi C5. This marks both the technology's entry into the Chinese market and the global debut of Dunlop's tyre load detection capability.

The load detection function monitors changes in cargo weight and distribution in real time, feeding data to the vehicle's control system. This reduces driving instability during starting, stopping and turning caused by shifting loads, thereby lessening driver burden and enabling more stable cargo transport. The feature is scheduled for implementation in additional Ruichi models going forward.

This development responds to conditions in China's urban areas, where e-commerce growth has fuelled demand for short-distance delivery services while autonomous driving and driver assistance features gain traction. In vehicles equipped with advanced systems, control logic typically operates based on predetermined load parameters. When actual loads deviate from these assumptions, discrepancies arise that affect driver comfort and cargo stability. Commercial vehicles therefore increasingly require smooth acceleration and deceleration control that remains effective regardless of load conditions.

Ruichi selected Dunlop's technology as an effective solution to these challenges. The system requires no additional sensors and can be installed without modifying existing vehicle configurations, offering significant cost advantages. SENSING CORE analyses wheel speed data alongside vehicle control information from the CAN data stream to detect various conditions including tyre pressure, tread wear and load.

On the Ruichi C5, the load detection function assesses total weight on left and right tyres for front and rear axles according to changes in cargo volume and position. This data optimises torque output during acceleration and brake control based on current load conditions, delivering stable ride quality unaffected by load changes during frequent urban deliveries.

Dunlop pursues this work under its SMART TYRE CONCEPT development philosophy, which aims to deliver high safety and environmental performance for CASE and MaaS applications. SENSING CORE anchors these services and is planned as the company's fourth major business pillar alongside tyres, sports and industrial products.

The challenges of frequent starts and stops during urban deliveries and changing load conditions extend beyond China throughout Asia, including Japan. Building on this adoption, Dunlop aims to expand its presence in both domestic and international markets.

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Refurbished tyre-recycling machines are emerging as a practical answer to rising compliance pressure and capital constraints across the sector. As demand grows for faster, lower-cost capacity expansion, Revyre Global’s decision to release a complete, operational processing line highlights how secondary equipment markets are becoming strategically relevant to recyclers.

Refurbished machines are finding renewed demand in the tyre-recycling industry as processors look to expand capacity quickly without the capital burden and long delivery cycles of new equipment.

Against this backdrop, New Zealand-based recycling firm Revyre Global is releasing a suite of previously used, fully operational machinery from its tyre-recycling line, offering other recyclers access to proven processing systems spanning shredding, separation and granulation, along with critical spares to support uninterrupted operations.

Speaking to Tyre Trends exclusively, Chief Executive Officer Shaun Zukor noted, “Demand for refurbished tyre‑recycling equipment is expected to increase as global EPR regulations intensify and scrutiny grows around whole‑bale tyre handling. Many operators are seeking leaner, downsized plant and equipment configurations to meet compliance requirements while reducing capital expenditure. As regulatory pressure mounts, refurbished systems present a practical and cost‑effective solution for meeting mandated recycling obligations.”

The equipment sale aligns with Revyre’s broader strategy to expand capacity and scale into new markets, particularly in roading and water-proofing applications where demand for high‑quality recycled polymer products is growing rapidly. These sectors require higher production volumes and upgrading to next‑generation technology positions the company to fulfil those larger‑scale opportunities.

The line for sale can produce approximately two tonnes per hour of product, which is standard with current smaller operational outputs. The new processing line’s output is highly adaptable and could be rapidly configured to produce a range of materials based on market demand.

“This flexible production capability allowed the system to switch between product types without significant downtime or reconfiguration, enabling throughput levels that aligned competitively with industry standards. The ability to modify production on demand ensured efficient utilisation of capacity under varying operational requirements,” explained Zukor.

The primary target buyers of the company are new market entrants with vertically integrated operations, particularly those managing tyre‑collection networks. Such buyers can benefit from processing tyres earlier in the value chain, improving transport efficiency by reducing bulk volume and lowering the need for extensive pre‑processing at the final facility. This machinery offers an accessible entry point for organisations seeking scalable, cost‑efficient recycling capability.

TURNING THE BLADES

According to Zukor, Revyre’s existing mechanical tyre‑shredding system faced significant operational constraints due to its reliance on multiple moving components, which resulted in frequent breakdowns, high maintenance costs and extensive downtime.

The traditional multi‑stage process viz-a-viz shredding, rasping and grinding required substantial manual supervision and labour input, creating both inefficiencies and higher operating expenditure. These limitations collectively hindered scalability and consistent production performance, prompting the shift to more advanced and efficient technology.

“The next‑generation system offers a markedly more automated process that consolidates material reduction into a single grinding stage. This significantly reduces maintenance requirements, labour dependency and risk of mechanical failure. The improved system delivers higher throughput rates, more consistent and higher‑purity output materials and substantially lower contamination levels. In addition, improved energy efficiency across the system contributes to lower operational costs and a more sustainable processing footprint,” explained Zukor.

While all used equipment carries inherent operational risks, the system on sale recently underwent a repair and replacement of key wear components. “With proper upkeep, the line is expected to deliver at least another 10 years of reliable performance. The sale package includes spare parts and maintenance support to help buyers manage operational continuity and compliance requirements,” added Zukor.

He also noted that providing reliable, industrial‑grade equipment lowers capital barriers and reduces development time for new entrants. Furthermore, by extending the lifecycle of existing machinery, Revyre reinforces the principles of circularity, effectively recycling the recycling equipment, which is aligned with the organisation’s mission and sustainability values.

Currently, the company is actively advancing towards fully automated, digitally controlled recycling systems to reduce human exposure to mechanical processes and improve operational safety.

Increased automation will also reduce labour overheads and enables more consistent, globally competitive production output, supporting its long‑term vision of efficient, technology‑driven resource recovery.

“This upgrade is a major step towards establishing Revyre as a leader in high‑value polymer recovery, enabling production of superior‑grade materials for roading, water-proofing and masterbatch applications. Enhanced quality, scalability and process efficiency will strengthen our circular‑economy partnerships including potential collaborations with tyre manufacturers seeking reliable, high‑performance recycled inputs,” noted Zukor.

Revyre’s equipment sale underlines a broader shift in tyre recycling where affordability, compliance and speed to market matter as much as technology. By extending machinery lifecycles while upgrading its own capability, the company reflects an industry increasingly viewing refurbished systems as both an economic and circular solution.

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Bridgestone has marked a significant advancement in its pursuit of digital mobility solutions with the activation of a cutting-edge driving simulator at its European R&D facility near Rome. The VI-grade DiM500 Driver-in-the-Loop (DiL) simulator represents a major step forward in the company’s virtual tyre development capabilities, allowing for the evaluation of tyre performance without the need for physical track testing.

The simulator is built around a large, mobile platform capable of moving up to five metres, enabling it to replicate the dynamic forces experienced in real-world driving. Housed within a carbon-fibre cockpit, the driver is immersed in a hyper-realistic virtual environment, and the system’s extensive range of motion ensures that the forces simulated are comparable to those measured during physical trials. This setup allows for highly accurate assessments of tyre behaviour.

By combining high-fidelity simulation with live driver feedback, historical data and artificial intelligence, Bridgestone can now explore a much wider array of tyre specifications earlier in the design phase. This approach accelerates design decisions and reduces the reliance on physical prototyping. Consequently, traditional track testing can be reserved for the final validation stages. This shift is expected to deliver substantial environmental benefits, with a projected annual saving of up to 12,000 experimental tyres. It builds on the company’s existing Virtual Tyre Development technology, which has already reduced raw material use and CO2 emissions in the original equipment development phase by as much as 60 percent.

Beyond environmental gains, the technology shortens development timelines by enabling simultaneous tyre and vehicle engineering. This parallel process fosters closer collaboration with automotive manufacturers, allowing Bridgestone to tailor tyres more precisely to the performance characteristics of specific vehicle models. While the simulator is currently focused on dry handling scenarios, its capabilities are being extended to cover a broader spectrum of driving conditions. Supported by continued investment in global research and development, this initiative reinforces Bridgestone’s capacity to adapt to the evolving demands of both manufacturers and drivers.

Mattia Giustiniano, Senior Vice President – R&D, Bridgestone West, said, “Bridgestone is already considered a pioneer in digital tyre development – leveraging Virtual Tyre Development for more than a decade. By integrating the driver into the digital development cycle, this investment adds a crucial new piece to our evolving ecosystem. The simulator’s introduction marks a significant step in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of our R&D processes while unlocking unprecedented opportunities to foster innovation.”

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VMI will showcase its latest tyre manufacturing technologies at Tire Technology Expo 2026, scheduled for 3–5 March 2026 in Hannover, Germany. The company will operate from booth 8064 in Hall 21, featuring the return of its Innovations Theater for a second consecutive year.

Specialists from VMI will deliver a series of 15-minute presentations at the theatre, covering recent product developments and technological advancements. Topics include the AMC on MAXX system, new features for the VMI MILEXX and the Batch Off Closed Air Circulation technology. Representatives from the VMI Services team will also discuss offerings such as VPC, VMS+, remote guidance, training programmes and retrofits. No advance registration is required for these sessions.

For conference attendees, Marzieh Salehi will present on the laboratory perspective for tyre and road wear particle (TRWP) collection and detection. The presentation is scheduled for Wednesday, 4 March, at 16:10 in the Five Continents conference room.

VMI, a company with a longstanding focus on tyre industry innovation, develops advanced machinery and services aimed at supporting customer operations and shaping the future of tyre production. Its participation in the expo reflects a commitment to providing cutting-edge solutions designed to meet industry challenges and drive progress in tyre manufacturing.

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