The Asia Pacific Carbon Black Conference 2024 – Perspectives in Asia Pacific, one of the largest and most acknowledged global carbon black industry events, unfolded in Kolkata, India, marking a historic moment for the city. The 15th edition welcomed a record-breaking 252 delegates and featured compelling discussions on the future of the carbon black market, which is projected to reach USD 30.15 billion by 2029. Over three days, industry leaders explored key trends, sustainability efforts and technological innovations, underscoring the sector’s dynamic evolution and the growing importance of India in shaping its future.

The sprawling banquet of a renowned hotel in the City of Joy was attuned to the murmuring of delegates from across the globe when the speaker on the dais invited the International Advisory Committee Chairman Amit Choudhary to address the crowd. With utter excitement, the chairman ascended the stage and opened the 15th Asia Pacific Carbon Black Conference doors to the curious assembly. Over the next three days, the event featured – workshops, intriguing sessions and panel discussions on the global carbon black market, which is slated to reach USD 30.15 Billion by 2029, according to Mordor Intelligence.

From sessions on the latest trends within the space to the use of recovered carbon black and sustainability issues, the conference was a boiling cauldron of information, coupled with an exhibition spanning different makers and associated suppliers to the industry.

Speaking to Tyre Trends exclusively, Choudhary said, “Key takeaways from the conference were impactful for both participants and delegates, with a record-breaking 252 attendees from around the globe. The exhibition, featuring 36 stalls, marked the largest in the Asia-Pacific region in the event’s 31-year history. The conference kicked off with two workshops on day one, focusing on the technical aspects of carbon black and its applications across the tyre and other industries. About 70 attendees engaged in a robust discussion, addressing numerous technical queries from leading players in the carbon black industry, including Birla Carbon, Tokai Carbon, Himadri Speciality Chemical Ltd, Epsilon, PCBL, and so on.”

He added, “For the first time in its history, the conference featured panel discussions on different topics of the carbon black industry covering marketing, raw materials, application, technology and the future of carbon black, which fostered intense engagement from participants. These sessions provided valuable insights and sparked in-depth discussions, impacting all those who attended.”

Many companies attending the conference were not direct carbon black producers but played key roles in the carbon value chain, either as suppliers to the carbon black industry or as technological collaborators or customers. This diverse representation highlighted the industry’s interconnected nature, with attendees gaining exposure to the latest technologies and processes shaping the sector.

“The conference brought together a global audience, fostering collaboration and providing significant opportunities for local suppliers to engage with emerging technologies. Carbon black production in this region, particularly in India, is experiencing rapid growth.

Companies across the country, from Gujarat and Maharashtra in the west to the east and south, are expanding their operations to meet increasing demand. This growth presents ample opportunities for suppliers of essential equipment and consumables to the carbon black industry, such as refractory manufacturers, bag suppliers and packing material providers. Ultimately, the entire supply chain stands to benefit from the increased collaboration and knowledge exchange fostered at the conference,” averred Choudhary.

Quick view

George Haines, Global Product Director and Avijit Sasmal, Chief Sustainability Officer at Himadri Speciality Chemical Limited, highlighted the carbon black industry’s progress in sustainability and circularity. They emphasised advancements such as the use of recycled pyrolysis oil and reclaimed carbon black and achievements like EcoVadis and ISCC+ certifications. Himadri already achieved the milestones and is maintaining Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) across plants. Innovations like LFP Cathode Active Material for EV batteries and renewable energy showcased Himadri’s future readiness. This session set a benchmark for aligning industry practices with global climate goals.

Senior Manager - Technology, K. Arun Kumar, and Manager, Technology and Business Development, Dr. P.M. Sivaram, at CUMI Super Refractories, discussed enhancing reactor life in the carbon black industry through condition monitoring and refractory solutions. They emphasised the need for failure analysis, material characterisation, and data-driven strategies to predict failures, improve productivity, and reduce downtime, ultimately leading to more efficient and sustainable operations in the industry.

The workshop by Himadri Speciality Chemicals Limited Plant Head Kingshuk Bose, on ‘Recent Advancements in Carbon Black Technologies’ provided an overview of carbon black, its applications, and recent technological innovations in its manufacturing processes. He discussed new technologies such as plasma and nanotechnology, which enhance production efficiency and product characteristics. Additionally, AI and machine learning were highlighted to optimise processes, improve quality and predict maintenance needs, ultimately advancing carbon black manufacturing and packaging strategies.

The former Chief Advisor of Research and Development at Apollo Tyres, P K Mohamed, an industry stalwart, addressed the future of the tyre industry, focusing on advancements in carbon black technology in his key note address. He noted that pneumatic tyres, essential for load support, require optimal structures to endure operational pressures. The industry faced megatrends such as mobility, digitisation, electrification, and the shift toward renewable materials. Key customer expectations centre on rolling resistance, traction, durability, and sustainability improvements. Enhancements in carbon black properties, including particle size and surface chemistry, are vital for achieving these goals. The industry’s evolution towards higher sigma levels indicated a commitment to quality and performance, necessitating collaborative efforts in research and development to meet future demands.

Notch Consulting Inc. Founder and President Paul Ita spoke on the outlook for 2024 and highlighted significant developments in the global carbon black and tyre industries. He noted a projected total investment of INR 27.3 billion in new tyre capacity from 2023 to 2028, with Asia, especially China and India, leading in new projects. He also discussed the impacts of EU sanctions on Russian carbon black imports. These sanctions are shifting trade flows, with India emerging as a key supplier to replace Russian volumes. The analysis included production capacity and utilisation trends with a forecast for growth in carbon black production despite current disruptions.

The AGM Strategy at Epsilon Carbon, Sagar Mathur, noted that geopolitical shifts, rapid urbanisation, climate change, sustainability, and technological advancements are shaping the future of the carbon black industry. Key trends included the growing demand for Electric Vehicle (EV) tyres, increased focus on circularity and recycling technologies, and the need for advanced speciality products. He highlighted that urbanisation is expected to strain resources while geopolitical conflicts are reshaping supply chains. The industry must adapt to these changes while addressing environmental concerns, leading to new product development, particularly in sustainable materials.

Vice President of Sales and Marketing (CBD), Kane Hanneke and Vice President of Business Development and Sales (CBD), Surge Klunder, at Himadri Specialty Chemical Ltd, focused on the current demand and supply dynamics of carbon black in North America and the European Union as of October 2024. In their presentations, they highlighted key economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation, and the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), while discussing challenges faced by domestic producers, including import duties, geopolitical tensions, and rising oil costs. Kane also mentioned a notable production increase among leading carbon black producers, particularly in China and India, and addressed the impact of new tariffs on Mexican imports.

Executive Vice-President and Regional Head of Sales and Marketing at Birla Carbon, Shashank Awasthi, discussed the dynamics of the carbon black market in Asia and Europe with a focus on growth plans and regional capacities. He highlighted that China dominates the market with a capacity share of 47 percent and a demand share of 37 percent. He also covered competition in India, where local producers faced challenges from imports, particularly from China, Korea, and Russia. His analysis indicated a projected CAGR of 5 percent for the Southeast Asia carbon black market from 2022 to 2027, driven by rising disposable incomes. It increased automotive production, with Asia accounting for approximately 60 percent of global automobile manufacturing.

The presentation by Zircoa Managing Director Thomas Bohm focused on the role of zirconia refractories in enhancing reactor performance during carbon black production. Zirconia, a unique ceramic material, offers exceptional properties such as high thermal resistance, lower thermal conductivity, and erosion resistance, making it suitable for high-temperature applications in reactors. The advantages of zirconia include increased reactor efficiency, improved product yields, and the ability to withstand aggressive process gases. However, challenges such as degradation from thermal shock and alkali attacks were noted, emphasising the importance of proper alignment and operational practices to maximise the lifespan of zirconia linings.

In his virtual keynote session, Zhu Zilong, deputy director of design at Doright, discussed the emerging supply trends in equipment manufacturing, particularly focusing on the shift from individual equipment supply to comprehensive equipment packages.

The landmark event saw the attendance of dignitaries and industry stalwarts, including the Chief Secretary to the Government of West Bengal, Dr Manoj Pant, Himadri Speciality Managing Director Anurag Choudhary, Tokai Carbon President Hagime Hagasaka, Group Country Head, Aditya Birla Group Thailand, and Chief Expansion Officer Birla Carbon Asia, Sanjeev Sood, among others.

Key Speakers included Aditya Birla Group’s Chief Sustainability Officer Deeksha Vats, Former President at ALSTOM Power Energy Recovery CP Natarajan, Vidhitech Solutions Founder Vinod Taneja, ABG Trading President John Kennelly, Senior Manager Research and Development of Compound Development at CEAT Limited Dr Pranab Dey, Head - Projects Business at Thermax Limited Naveen Sadhu and Rathi Group Director Ravi Rathi among others.

The event was attended by delegates from leading carbon black producers, such as Thai Tokai Carbon Product Company Limited, Hyundai OCI, Aegean First Company, Zircoa Inc., Phillips Carbon Black Limited, CITGO Corp and others.

Curtain Call

Amit Choudhary commented about the conference, “Conferences like this serve as crucial platforms for advancing technological progress in the industry. They provide insights into global trends, revealing which players are exploring new technologies and how different governments are approaching industry expectations. These events create an opportunity for stakeholders to understand evolving needs as well as the requirements of end customers.”

He added, “For instance, during our recent conference, several customers presented compelling insights, with both in-person and online interactions offering a deeper understanding of the tyre industry’s future. The rise of EVs is a key development demanding a shift in tyre technology and manufacturing processes. Current tyres are general-purpose, but as EV adoption accelerates, specialised tyres will become necessary. In the near future, we will see the emergence of EV-specific tyres alongside innovations in related non-tyre markets.”

He also noted that India, with its significant market share, is poised for substantial growth. Established markets in the US and Europe are facing challenges with plant closures and shifting demands. The ongoing geopolitical landscape, including tensions in China and Russia, is influencing market dynamics. However, India remains in a favourable position for investment and is set to experience impressive growth in the sector.

Looking ahead, the next conference is set to take place in 2026.

Russia's tyre recycling industry has grown significantly in recent years due to increasing environmental concerns and government regulations aimed at reducing landfill waste. The country generates millions of tonnes of used tyres annually, with many initiatives focusing on recycling them into rubber granules, fuel and construction materials. Key players in the industry include local companies and a few foreign investments with major recycling plants concentrated around Moscow and other industrial regions.

However, the Russian Far Eastern region, referred to the vast, easternmost part of the country that borders the Pacific Ocean, still struggles to deal with the disposing of end-of-life (EOL) tyres.

According to Ecostar Factory Co-founder Sergei Lazarev, “Vladivostok, the largest city in Russia's Far East, ranks fifth in the country for vehicles per capita, making it the region's leader in vehicle density. This results in a growing volume of waste tyres annually, posing a significant environmental challenge. Due to the vast distances, transporting used tyres to recycling facilities in central Russia is prohibitively expensive, inflating both the recycling costs and the prices of products made from recycled materials. The lack of local recycling infrastructure exacerbates the problem, underscoring the need for regional solutions to manage tyre waste more efficiently and sustainably.”

“With 15 years of experience in tyre recycling, our company is well-positioned to meet the growing demand for tyre recycling in the Russian Far East. The new facility will allow us to recycle over 10,000 tonnes of ELT annually and meet market needs accurately. We also plan to double this capacity within the next five years, which is especially crucial in regions like the Russian Far East, where transportation costs are high and local recycling infrastructure is lacking. This expansion will help address regional tyre waste challenges more effectively,” he added.

A total of USD 500,000 was invested in the new tyre recycling unit, financed through a mix of 30 percent capital and 70 percent bank loans. The seven percent interest rate, subsidised by the Primorye Government Guarantee Fund and the Federal Government Fund for SMEs, highlights the strategic backing you’ve received. Specialising in recycling ELT tyres into rubber crumb, this setup not only aligns with growing sustainability efforts but also demonstrates the effectiveness of public-private cooperation in fostering business expansion and environmental impact in Russia’s Far East.

The Far East and Arctic Development Corporation (FEDC) played a crucial role in the tyre recycling project’s success by providing a 17.3-acre land lot and essential infrastructure. This included telecommunications, access roads, power supply, water supply, water disposal and natural gas supply. Additionally, FEDC offered tax benefits, making it a key partner in the project’s development, facilitating smoother operations and reducing overhead costs. This comprehensive support has been instrumental in advancing the project in the Russian Far East.

Promoting recycling

The company's operations, which focus on recycling ELT tyres without thermal methods like pyrolysis due to environmental concerns, were nearly derailed when the ruble-dollar exchange rate doubled in 2022, making equipment and construction prohibitively expensive.

Despite purchasing Chinese machinery, adjustments were needed due to differences in tyre composition, particularly the amount of cord fibre. The company plans to recycle 20 years’ worth of accumulated tyre waste and supply crumb rubber to playgrounds, stadiums and road projects, boasting the only facility in the region certified to meet government sanitary standards.

With no direct competitors in the Primorye region, the company remains committed to expanding operations despite these challenges.

Answering how the new plant supports broader recycling goals, Lazarev said, “The new plant supports the broader goals of the company by serving as a central hub for tyre recycling in the Russian Far East. We operate facilities in five regions including Magadan, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Khabarovsk and Primorye and plan to upgrade them within the next three years to produce rubber chips, which will be transported to the main facility in Primorye for further processing. Additionally, we aim to invest in research and development to develop additives for bitumen, enhancing its use in road construction projects. This strategy is key to expanding recycling capabilities beyond 10,000 tonnes annually and promoting sustainable infrastructure development.”

The company will source tyre waste primarily from transportation and tyre service companies. To ensure quality, it has implemented a comprehensive management system designed to produce clean, precisely sized crumb rubber. The triple cleaning process removes metal and cord fibre, while its proprietary qualification system ensures four specific size fractions of crumb rubber are achieved.

Alluding to European Union (EU) directive on crumb rubber infill ban, he noted, “Regarding the EU ban on rubber crumb in artificial turf, Russia has no such restrictions. In fact, a recent Russian government act (08/28/2024) mandates the use of rubber crumb in sports infrastructure and road construction. We have also obtained a special health certificate allowing the use of its crumb rubber in outdoor playground construction.”

Addressing challenges

Russia imports tyres primarily from China, which is the largest supplier, offering a wide range of products including passenger, truck and industrial tyres. South Korea follows, known for its high-quality passenger and performance tyres, while Japan contributes advanced technology and speciality tyres. Belarus, as a neighbouring country, exports various tyre products, particularly for commercial vehicles. Turkey has also been increasing its market presence with competitive prices and quality. Additionally, some European Union countries export tyres to Russia, although trade dynamics are influenced by tariffs and geopolitical factors.

Such a wide array of tyres poses challenge for recyclers. Commenting on the same, the executive said, “The plant was initially scheduled to open in August 2023. The company faced significant challenges due to currency fluctuations, infrastructure delays and regulatory hurdles. Despite purchasing Chinese machinery, adjustments were needed due to differences in tyre composition between China and Japan, particularly the amount of cord fibre. The lack of suitable land with the necessary infrastructure and meeting strict ecological standards are further obstacles.”

“We are currently facing a staff shortage across all skill levels, from low-skilled to highly qualified personnel. To address this, we plan to recruit workers from other regions of Russia and internationally. Recently, we hired five individuals from India on one-year contracts, providing them with comprehensive benefits that include accommodation, food, transportation and work uniforms. We aim to attract even more skilled workers this year to strengthen our team,” he added.

Ecostar's plant aligns seamlessly with Russia's broader waste management and environmental objectives, particularly in the Far East. It supports the government's strategy for a circular economy, which is reinforced by new legislation regulating the use of recycled materials in the production of goods and services. Additionally, the government has introduced the concept of ‘green purchases’, mandating that government agencies and state-owned companies procure a minimum quantity of products made from recycled materials. This initiative emphasises the importance of integrating recycled materials into the economy, enhancing sustainability efforts across the region.

India’s tyre retreading market is estimated to be an INR 60 billion industry with retreading mostly happening on commercial vehicle tyres. The organised sector is slated to grow between 7-9 percent (CAGR) over the next three years. The retreading industry in India dates back decades, primarily focusing on commercial vehicle tyres. Over the decades, it has evolved with advancements in technology and regulatory frameworks. Government initiatives promoting sustainability and waste tyre management have further spurred growth, establishing retreading as a key component of the tyre market.

A recent media report stated that the organised tyre retreading market in India observed muted growth in the last five years. Speaking to Tyre Trends¸ ICRA Assistant Vice President and Sector Head – Corporate Ratings Nithya Debbadi said, “The domestic tyre retreading market is estimated at over INR 60 billion. Tyre retreading is largely done in commercial vehicles, which account for 80 percent of the market. Trucks account for 60-65 percent, while buses account for the rest of 15-20 percent. Off-highway tyres (OHT) including tractors account for 12-15 percent, while passenger vehicles account for a negligible share.”

More than 70 percent of the truck tyres are retreaded at least once. While retreading is prominent even in the LCV segment, proportion of tyres retreaded is lower than in M&HCV. Increasing radialisation, improving road infrastructure and retreading technology and focus on sustainability is expected to increase the share of retreading in the truck and bus radial (TBR) segment, going forward. New tyre designs for electric vehicles also presents opportunities for the retreading industry.

Demand growth

Alluding to how the Indian government’s focus on waste tyre disposal and increasing radialisation in commercial vehicles has benefitted the TBR retreading market in India, she noted, “Indian government introduced Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) guidelines for waste tyres management, which came into effect in July 2022. The guidelines lay down rules relating to utilisation and management of waste tyres by producers (manufacturers and importers), recyclers and retreaders. Producers or importers need to fulfil EPR obligations by purchasing EPR certificate from registered recyclers. However, EPR obligation of tyre which has been retreaded shall be deferred by one year.” 

 “While the guidelines came into effect in FY2023, targets have been increasing progressively with the obligation increasing to 100 percent of tyre production in FY2025. Increasing focus on waste tyre management incentivises producers to focus on sustainability, which supports growth of retreading market. Compliance is achieved by purchasing EPR certificates from authorised recyclers or retreaders, thus developing tyre recycling infrastructure,” she added.

In trucks and bus segment, share of radialisation is estimated to have increased from 48 percent in FY2019 to over 55 percent in FY2024. Radial tyres have stronger structure, which supports multiple rounds of retreading. Moreover, radial tyres are more suited for roads in better conditions, leading to higher range for a given duration. This leads to frequent need for retreading.

She also noted that owing to Covid-19 and its post-effects, the retreading industry saw a flattish growth (estimated CAGR of 1-3 percent) in the three years ending FY2023. However, with the government’s thrust towards disposal of waste tyres, anti-overloading measures and increasing radialisation in commercial vehicle tyre segment, the retreading market has been a key beneficiary witnessing better demand traction in FY2024.

ICRA expects the organised tyre retreaders to grow by 7-9 percent (CAGR) over the next three years. Key factors supporting the growth include focus on sustainable tyres, improving tyre and retreading technology, better road infrastructure, rising radialisation in CV segment etc.

Alluding to what impact is the growing demand for sustainability and cost efficiency having on the quality standards and innovation within the retreading industry, she noted, “Retreading results in significant cost saving as the cost of retreading is around 20-50 percent the cost of a new tyre because of reuse of casing. Treads account for close to one-third of a tyre’s total cost. Performance of a retreaded tyre also depends on the health of the original casing.”

She added, “Developments in tyre technology has resulted in stronger casings and overall tyre structure that supports multiple rounds of retreading. Enhanced re-manufacturing techniques and higher quality rubber compounds are improving the quality of retreaded tyres and supporting demand. With quality casing and superior retreading technology, a tyre can be retreaded two to three times before being replaced while maintaining 80 percent quality of the new one.

Impending challenges

The tyre retreading market in India is at a pivotal juncture driven by a confluence of regulatory support, technological advancements and a growing awareness of sustainability. While challenges remain in the form of market fragmentation, the potential for growth is significant.

Despite these positive trends, the TBR retreading market faces significant challenges. The Indian market remains highly fragmented with over 50 percent of players operating in the unorganised sector.

As the industry adapts to changing dynamics, the focus on quality and sustainability will play a crucial role in shaping its future trajectory. The next decade may see retreading not just as a viable alternative to new tyres but as an essential component of a more sustainable automotive ecosystem in India.

Yokohama TWS appointed Lawrence Harmon as regional president for North and Central America, tapping a tyre industry veteran to drive its expansion in the region.

Harmon, who assumes the role on 1st January, will report to TWS President Elio Bartoli, the company said in a statement Thursday. He joins from Yokohama ATG, where he served as president of the global OE business.

The appointment brings an executive with three decades of tyre industry experience to oversee Yokohama TWS’s regional strategy and commercial operations. Harmon previously served as executive vice president of marketing and sales at The Carlstar Group and held senior executive positions at Michelin, where he managed various sales channels.

“We are thrilled to welcome Lawrence to lead our North and Central America operations,” said Elio Bartoli, President of Yokohama TWS. “His deep industry knowledge and leadership experience will be key to strengthening our market presence and advancing our business strategy.”

“Our priority in North and Central America will be on enhancing collaboration with the replacement sales network,” Harmon added. “With our ‘local for local’ approach, we focus on providing tyres and services that empower our customers and address their unique operational needs. With a strong presence in the OE market in North America, we look forward to working with our dealer network to achieve similar levels of share in the aftermarket. Leveraging the full potential of our multi-brand portfolio, we are committed to providing tyre solutions across Agriculture, Construction, Material Handling, and Two-Wheeler markets, helping our customers drive productivity and efficiency in every operation.”

Goodyear Tire & Rubber appointed Don Metzelaar as senior vice president of global manufacturing and supply chain, tapping an industry veteran to oversee its worldwide production network amid efforts to streamline operations.

The Akron, Ohio-based company said in a statement Thursday that Metzelaar, who starts on 13 January, will report directly to Chief Executive Officer Mark Stewart.

He joins from Johnson Controls International, where he served as chief manufacturing officer and global vice president.

“Manufacturing is at the core of our business, and the transformation of our manufacturing operations is central to our go-forward strategy,” said Stewart.

“With Don’s proven record of developing, enhancing and leading global footprints, I’m confident his leadership will accelerate our manufacturing transformation and

leverage our scale for operational efficiency and customer impact. I’m happy to welcome him to Team Goodyear.”

The appointment brings an executive with three decades of manufacturing experience to Goodyear’s leadership team. At Johnson Controls, Metzelaar led initiatives to transform factory processes and integrate systems across operations. His previous roles included senior positions at Whirlpool Corp., Honeywell International Inc., and Motorola Inc.

Metzelaar will oversee Goodyear’s global manufacturing footprint, supply chain operations, environmental health and safety, and quality control in his new role. He will also manage the tyre maker’s product planning and lifecycle systems.