The Asia Pacific Carbon Black Conference 2024 – Perspectives in Asia Pacific, one of the largest and most acknowledged global carbon black industry events, unfolded in Kolkata, India, marking a historic moment for the city. The 15th edition welcomed a record-breaking 252 delegates and featured compelling discussions on the future of the carbon black market, which is projected to reach USD 30.15 billion by 2029. Over three days, industry leaders explored key trends, sustainability efforts and technological innovations, underscoring the sector’s dynamic evolution and the growing importance of India in shaping its future.

The sprawling banquet of a renowned hotel in the City of Joy was attuned to the murmuring of delegates from across the globe when the speaker on the dais invited the International Advisory Committee Chairman Amit Choudhary to address the crowd. With utter excitement, the chairman ascended the stage and opened the 15th Asia Pacific Carbon Black Conference doors to the curious assembly. Over the next three days, the event featured – workshops, intriguing sessions and panel discussions on the global carbon black market, which is slated to reach USD 30.15 Billion by 2029, according to Mordor Intelligence.

From sessions on the latest trends within the space to the use of recovered carbon black and sustainability issues, the conference was a boiling cauldron of information, coupled with an exhibition spanning different makers and associated suppliers to the industry.

Speaking to Tyre Trends exclusively, Choudhary said, “Key takeaways from the conference were impactful for both participants and delegates, with a record-breaking 252 attendees from around the globe. The exhibition, featuring 36 stalls, marked the largest in the Asia-Pacific region in the event’s 31-year history. The conference kicked off with two workshops on day one, focusing on the technical aspects of carbon black and its applications across the tyre and other industries. About 70 attendees engaged in a robust discussion, addressing numerous technical queries from leading players in the carbon black industry, including Birla Carbon, Tokai Carbon, Himadri Speciality Chemical Ltd, Epsilon, PCBL, and so on.”

He added, “For the first time in its history, the conference featured panel discussions on different topics of the carbon black industry covering marketing, raw materials, application, technology and the future of carbon black, which fostered intense engagement from participants. These sessions provided valuable insights and sparked in-depth discussions, impacting all those who attended.”

Many companies attending the conference were not direct carbon black producers but played key roles in the carbon value chain, either as suppliers to the carbon black industry or as technological collaborators or customers. This diverse representation highlighted the industry’s interconnected nature, with attendees gaining exposure to the latest technologies and processes shaping the sector.

“The conference brought together a global audience, fostering collaboration and providing significant opportunities for local suppliers to engage with emerging technologies. Carbon black production in this region, particularly in India, is experiencing rapid growth.

Companies across the country, from Gujarat and Maharashtra in the west to the east and south, are expanding their operations to meet increasing demand. This growth presents ample opportunities for suppliers of essential equipment and consumables to the carbon black industry, such as refractory manufacturers, bag suppliers and packing material providers. Ultimately, the entire supply chain stands to benefit from the increased collaboration and knowledge exchange fostered at the conference,” averred Choudhary.

Quick view

George Haines, Global Product Director and Avijit Sasmal, Chief Sustainability Officer at Himadri Speciality Chemical Limited, highlighted the carbon black industry’s progress in sustainability and circularity. They emphasised advancements such as the use of recycled pyrolysis oil and reclaimed carbon black and achievements like EcoVadis and ISCC+ certifications. Himadri already achieved the milestones and is maintaining Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) across plants. Innovations like LFP Cathode Active Material for EV batteries and renewable energy showcased Himadri’s future readiness. This session set a benchmark for aligning industry practices with global climate goals.

Senior Manager - Technology, K. Arun Kumar, and Manager, Technology and Business Development, Dr. P.M. Sivaram, at CUMI Super Refractories, discussed enhancing reactor life in the carbon black industry through condition monitoring and refractory solutions. They emphasised the need for failure analysis, material characterisation, and data-driven strategies to predict failures, improve productivity, and reduce downtime, ultimately leading to more efficient and sustainable operations in the industry.

The workshop by Himadri Speciality Chemicals Limited Plant Head Kingshuk Bose, on ‘Recent Advancements in Carbon Black Technologies’ provided an overview of carbon black, its applications, and recent technological innovations in its manufacturing processes. He discussed new technologies such as plasma and nanotechnology, which enhance production efficiency and product characteristics. Additionally, AI and machine learning were highlighted to optimise processes, improve quality and predict maintenance needs, ultimately advancing carbon black manufacturing and packaging strategies.

The former Chief Advisor of Research and Development at Apollo Tyres, P K Mohamed, an industry stalwart, addressed the future of the tyre industry, focusing on advancements in carbon black technology in his key note address. He noted that pneumatic tyres, essential for load support, require optimal structures to endure operational pressures. The industry faced megatrends such as mobility, digitisation, electrification, and the shift toward renewable materials. Key customer expectations centre on rolling resistance, traction, durability, and sustainability improvements. Enhancements in carbon black properties, including particle size and surface chemistry, are vital for achieving these goals. The industry’s evolution towards higher sigma levels indicated a commitment to quality and performance, necessitating collaborative efforts in research and development to meet future demands.

Notch Consulting Inc. Founder and President Paul Ita spoke on the outlook for 2024 and highlighted significant developments in the global carbon black and tyre industries. He noted a projected total investment of INR 27.3 billion in new tyre capacity from 2023 to 2028, with Asia, especially China and India, leading in new projects. He also discussed the impacts of EU sanctions on Russian carbon black imports. These sanctions are shifting trade flows, with India emerging as a key supplier to replace Russian volumes. The analysis included production capacity and utilisation trends with a forecast for growth in carbon black production despite current disruptions.

The AGM Strategy at Epsilon Carbon, Sagar Mathur, noted that geopolitical shifts, rapid urbanisation, climate change, sustainability, and technological advancements are shaping the future of the carbon black industry. Key trends included the growing demand for Electric Vehicle (EV) tyres, increased focus on circularity and recycling technologies, and the need for advanced speciality products. He highlighted that urbanisation is expected to strain resources while geopolitical conflicts are reshaping supply chains. The industry must adapt to these changes while addressing environmental concerns, leading to new product development, particularly in sustainable materials.

Vice President of Sales and Marketing (CBD), Kane Hanneke and Vice President of Business Development and Sales (CBD), Surge Klunder, at Himadri Specialty Chemical Ltd, focused on the current demand and supply dynamics of carbon black in North America and the European Union as of October 2024. In their presentations, they highlighted key economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation, and the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), while discussing challenges faced by domestic producers, including import duties, geopolitical tensions, and rising oil costs. Kane also mentioned a notable production increase among leading carbon black producers, particularly in China and India, and addressed the impact of new tariffs on Mexican imports.

Executive Vice-President and Regional Head of Sales and Marketing at Birla Carbon, Shashank Awasthi, discussed the dynamics of the carbon black market in Asia and Europe with a focus on growth plans and regional capacities. He highlighted that China dominates the market with a capacity share of 47 percent and a demand share of 37 percent. He also covered competition in India, where local producers faced challenges from imports, particularly from China, Korea, and Russia. His analysis indicated a projected CAGR of 5 percent for the Southeast Asia carbon black market from 2022 to 2027, driven by rising disposable incomes. It increased automotive production, with Asia accounting for approximately 60 percent of global automobile manufacturing.

The presentation by Zircoa Managing Director Thomas Bohm focused on the role of zirconia refractories in enhancing reactor performance during carbon black production. Zirconia, a unique ceramic material, offers exceptional properties such as high thermal resistance, lower thermal conductivity, and erosion resistance, making it suitable for high-temperature applications in reactors. The advantages of zirconia include increased reactor efficiency, improved product yields, and the ability to withstand aggressive process gases. However, challenges such as degradation from thermal shock and alkali attacks were noted, emphasising the importance of proper alignment and operational practices to maximise the lifespan of zirconia linings.

In his virtual keynote session, Zhu Zilong, deputy director of design at Doright, discussed the emerging supply trends in equipment manufacturing, particularly focusing on the shift from individual equipment supply to comprehensive equipment packages.

The landmark event saw the attendance of dignitaries and industry stalwarts, including the Chief Secretary to the Government of West Bengal, Dr Manoj Pant, Himadri Speciality Managing Director Anurag Choudhary, Tokai Carbon President Hagime Hagasaka, Group Country Head, Aditya Birla Group Thailand, and Chief Expansion Officer Birla Carbon Asia, Sanjeev Sood, among others.

Key Speakers included Aditya Birla Group’s Chief Sustainability Officer Deeksha Vats, Former President at ALSTOM Power Energy Recovery CP Natarajan, Vidhitech Solutions Founder Vinod Taneja, ABG Trading President John Kennelly, Senior Manager Research and Development of Compound Development at CEAT Limited Dr Pranab Dey, Head - Projects Business at Thermax Limited Naveen Sadhu and Rathi Group Director Ravi Rathi among others.

The event was attended by delegates from leading carbon black producers, such as Thai Tokai Carbon Product Company Limited, Hyundai OCI, Aegean First Company, Zircoa Inc., Phillips Carbon Black Limited, CITGO Corp and others.

Curtain Call

Amit Choudhary commented about the conference, “Conferences like this serve as crucial platforms for advancing technological progress in the industry. They provide insights into global trends, revealing which players are exploring new technologies and how different governments are approaching industry expectations. These events create an opportunity for stakeholders to understand evolving needs as well as the requirements of end customers.”

He added, “For instance, during our recent conference, several customers presented compelling insights, with both in-person and online interactions offering a deeper understanding of the tyre industry’s future. The rise of EVs is a key development demanding a shift in tyre technology and manufacturing processes. Current tyres are general-purpose, but as EV adoption accelerates, specialised tyres will become necessary. In the near future, we will see the emergence of EV-specific tyres alongside innovations in related non-tyre markets.”

He also noted that India, with its significant market share, is poised for substantial growth. Established markets in the US and Europe are facing challenges with plant closures and shifting demands. The ongoing geopolitical landscape, including tensions in China and Russia, is influencing market dynamics. However, India remains in a favourable position for investment and is set to experience impressive growth in the sector.

Looking ahead, the next conference is set to take place in 2026.

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On the other hand, Sharma believes that it is relatively easier for an established off-highway tyre specialist to expand into the B2C or on-highway tyre segment than it is for traditional consumer tyre companies to build the capabilities needed for off-highway applications.

To ensure that its leadership in off-highway tyres remains intact, the company has ring-fenced the two businesses. The off-highway and on-highway operations will run independently with a completely separate team dedicated to the consumer tyre segment.

The distribution strategy will also be different. “The on-highway business will have its own distributors and channel structure and we will not rely on the existing off-highway distribution network for this segment,” he said.

In effect, everything from organisational teams to distribution channels has been designed to remain distinct while still allowing the company to selectively leverage complementary strengths where it makes strategic sense.

UNCHARTED TERRITORIES

Entering the B2C tyre space in India is widely seen as challenging, as the market is dominated by a handful of established players and is extremely price competitive.

Alluding to how the company will navigate through such uncharted territories, Sharma said, “While the Indian tyre market is indeed dominated by major players, that concentration also indicates limited brand diversity rather than excessive competition. This suggests there is still room for credible new entrants that can provide customers with more options.”

Sharma also believes that the company enters the market with an advantage because it already has a well-recognised brand presence in India. It is not a completely new or unknown player entering the country for the first time.

“Given that roughly 90 percent of the market is served by only a few companies, we see an opportunity to gradually establish ourselves by offering reliable products and expanding customer choice,” noted Sharma.

Also, India is one of the largest markets in the world for two-wheeler tyres. The company’s long-term strategy is to eventually address multiple segments, but the initial focus will be on high-volume categories.

“Building a strong distribution network requires products that move quickly and consistently through the market, making high-volume segments the logical starting point. The two-wheeler tyre market in India is largely volume-driven with enormous demand levels. Success in this segment requires deep market penetration, strong brand awareness and the ability to deliver high-quality products consistently,” explained Sharma.

As a result, the company plans to begin with two primary product categories viz-a-viz a pure on-road tyre and an on-off-road tyre. “Within these categories, several sub-segments will be introduced to address different consumer needs. This multi-product approach is designed to help build the distribution network, strengthen brand visibility and establish our operating model in the market. Additional product lines will be introduced gradually once this foundation is established,” contended Sharma.

He also believes there is a meaningful opportunity to bring more innovation to better serve Indian consumers. From a consumer perspective, introducing fresh breakthroughs in two-wheeler tyre technology could unlock new levels of performance, safety and value in the years ahead.

He believes the market is ready for new products with improved performance characteristics and superior attributes. Increased competition can drive innovation and ultimately benefit consumers.

DISTRIBUTION DISRUPTOR

The biggest challenge in the two-wheeler tyre business is reach and market penetration, noted Sharma. Unlike other tyre segments that rely heavily on specialised dealers, two-wheeler tyres are frequently purchased from nearby mechanics or small retail outlets because customers typically treat them as basic, everyday products rather than highly technical components.

He added that most riders are unwilling to travel long distances to a specialised tyre store for a replacement. This has created a highly dispersed retail ecosystem with multiple types of sellers. Over time, the market also adopted a distributor-led model that proved commercially successful and helped some leading companies expand their reach significantly.

However, that model also has weaknesses. “Many companies operate both legacy dealer networks and distributor systems simultaneously, which can lead to channel overlaps. In practice, this often results in product infiltration between territories, price inconsistencies across outlets and confusion for end customers,” stated Sharma.

He added, “Entering the market later provides an advantage because we do not carry the burden of legacy distribution structures. Instead, we plan to implement a pure distribution model from the outset. Each distributor will operate within a clearly defined territory with strong protection from channel overlap, allowing them to invest confidently in building their regional market.”

According to Sharma, this structure has already generated strong interest among distributors. Many see the opportunity as a long-term entrepreneurial venture where they can build a stable and scalable business.

He believes that this model will help the company challenge some existing distribution norms not only in two-wheelers but eventually in other tyre segments as well.

REGULATORY RESILIENCE

On the other hand, Sharma noted that the commercial tyre market must be viewed within the context of rapidly evolving regulations and policy direction. India’s decision to move directly from Bharat Stage IV to Bharat Stage VI emission norms illustrates how quickly regulatory frameworks can evolve. Discussions around future stages, along with policies such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for tyres, are reshaping how companies must approach the market.

At the same time, government policy clearly indicates a long-term transition towards greener mobility.

“We believe retreading should play a far larger role in the tyre lifecycle. Retreading extends the usable life of tyres, offering both economic benefits for fleet operators and environmental advantages for the broader ecosystem. Yet, despite its logical benefits, retreading volumes in India have actually declined in recent years,” noted Sharma.

The company intends to challenge this contradiction by promoting retreading more actively and working with customers who share the same long-term vision. Education and engagement will form an important part of this strategy.

Another factor influencing product strategy is the increase in vehicle loading across the trucking sector. “Higher loads often cause tyre wear patterns that reduce retreadability, highlighting the need for better product specifications,” said Sharma.

Rather than competing directly in the most crowded segments, the strategy is to align with emerging market trends, promote technically appropriate products and raise awareness about more sustainable tyre usage practices.

RETREADING PARADOX

Sharma said Indian consumers are willing to pay more when they see value, as they tend to evaluate purchases rationally, with fleet operators focusing on total cost of ownership rather than just the upfront price.

He argued that taxation alone cannot explain the recent slowdown in retreading. Earlier, GST on new tyres stood at around 28 percent and has since been reduced to roughly 18 percent, while retreaded tyres are also taxed under the GST framework.

“The decline in retreading activity has been taking place for nearly three years, which suggests that GST changes alone cannot explain the trend,” Sharma said, noting that a large portion of the business historically operated in the informal sector. “Taxation may therefore be a convenient explanation, but it does not fully address the deeper structural issues affecting the market.”

According to him, the deeper issue lies in a structural conflict within the tyre industry, where promoting retreading aggressively could reduce demand for new tyres.

“Many manufacturers have experimented with retreading programmes or franchise models, but they rarely pursue them with the level of commitment required to develop the ecosystem fully,” he noted.

Sharma believes this gap creates an opportunity to engage with fleet operators and promote better tyre lifecycle management.

“With improved highway infrastructure, higher vehicle speeds and evolving regulatory expectations, better utilisation of retreading could benefit both the industry and the environment,” he added.

The company plans to focus on casing preservation and customer education while working with reliable regional retreaders to encourage better tyre lifecycle practices.

DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPLY

BKT already operates advanced indoor tyre testing equipment and initially utilised some of the testing infrastructure that had been developed for its off-highway tyre business while additional machines were being installed. It now has a strong indoor testing setup and continues to expand and upgrade this infrastructure to support product development.

It has also earmarked an INR 35 billion investment for expanding its on-highway tyre portfolio. While Sharama didn’t disclose a detailed breakdown, he informed that the investment will be distributed across the different business segments including off-highway tyres, on-highway tyres and carbon black based on strategic requirements.

He also said that if future growth plans require establishing technical centres or partnerships in overseas markets, the company remains open to taking those steps.

For the export markets, for the first two years, the focus will remain on building the product portfolio and preparing the range for international markets. A broader market launch through the global distribution network is expected to follow about two to three years later.

Commenting on the opportunities and challenges that the company will face in achieving the target of INR 230 billion in revenue from the current INR 100 billion, Sharma said, “Our core off-highway tyre business continues to grow strongly, particularly in India. Slower growth in certain international markets in recent years has been influenced more by geo- political developments rather than by any structural weakness in demand.”

“If those external conditions stabilise, we believe that the core business remains on a solid growth trajectory. India, in particular, continues to be a strong growth market,” he added.

Each business segment operates with a distinct strategy, and based on internal planning, the company believes achieving roughly 2.2 times growth over the next few years is feasible.

At the same time, Sharma viewed the revenue target as intentionally ambitious. “Setting a bold goal helps ensure that strategies are clearly defined, documented and communicated across the organisation so that teams understand exactly what must be done to achieve it,” he stated.

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Metso has announced the appointment of Jonathan Allen as its new Chief Growth Officer, effective 1 May 2026. In this role, he will oversee the Business Growth function, which includes Strategy, Mergers & Acquisitions, AI, Data & Analytics, Sustainability, Safety, Quality, Communications & Public Affairs, Marketing & Brand and Corporate Procurement. Allen will join the Metso Leadership Team and report directly to President and CEO Sami Takaluoma. He replaces Claudia Genin, who is set to leave the company by August 2026, as previously disclosed.

A longstanding member of the Metso team since 2005, Allen most recently served as Senior Vice President for the Grinding, Bulk, Pyro & Smelting business line and was also part of the Services business area leadership group. His career at Metso spans over two decades, during which he has held various leadership positions in both France and United States.

Allen holds a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from Penn State University, US. His extensive operational and international experience within the company positions him well to lead Metso’s growth and strategic initiatives going forward.

Sami Takaluoma, President and CEO, Metso, said, “Jonathan’s extensive experience at Metso, a deep understanding of our industry and his proven leadership in business strategy execution and growth make him exceptionally well suited to lead our Business Growth function. I am confident that, under his guidance, we will continue to advance our ‘We go beyond.’ strategy and further strengthen Metso’s growth and success.”

Allen said, “Over the past two decades, I have witnessed our company’s remarkable progress, and I look forward to collaborating across our global teams to drive our strategy further and ensure that we continue to deliver exceptional value for our customers and stakeholders. Together, we will build on our strong foundation, accelerate our transformation and support Metso’s vision to be the industry leader.”

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PRINX CHENGSHAN has achieved another major milestone in its direct sales and original equipment business with the selection of its PRINX AQUILA PRO tyre as original equipment fitment for the NEVO Q05, a global high-volume model from Chang'an Qiyuan.  The pairing made a notable impact at the 47th Bangkok International Motor Show, where the vehicle’s appearance drew widespread international attention.

The PRINX brand, representing the mid-to-high-end segment under PRINX CHENGSHAN, centres its approach on using tangible technology to enhance mobility. The AQUILA PRO tyres delivered for Chang'an Qiyuan combine efficient braking enabled by advanced structural engineering with EU Class A rolling resistance and responsive handling. This performance profile directly supports Chang'an Qiyuan’s commitment to a superior all-around user experience, reinforcing a partnership aimed at building a refined mobility ecosystem.

The Bangkok exhibition also highlighted the growing market presence of PRINX across multiple platforms. Both the MG5 PRO Thai Version and the MG S5 EV Thai Version run on the AQUILA PRO tyres, gaining traction in Thailand through accessible pricing and strong technical capability. Separately, the Ora 5, an all-electric A-segment SUV, debuted globally in Bangkok equipped across its lineup with the PRINX XNEX SPORT EV tyres, underscoring its blend of design, intelligence and global readiness.

With a rapidly evolving global network encompassing two major R&D centres, four technology centres and three smart manufacturing bases, PRINX CHENGSHAN has steadily advanced its product innovation and direct sales channels. The company’s forward-looking strategy centres on a products plus services model, integrating quality manufacturing with full lifecycle support to drive green and intelligent mobility. Through close collaboration with partners, it seeks to foster sustainable industry development and bring the strengths of China’s intelligent manufacturing to a broader global audience.

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India’s tyre sector is moving into a steadier phase after cyclical tailwinds from GST-led formalisation and rural demand. Srikumar Krishnamurthy, Senior Vice-President and Co-Group Head, Corporate Ratings at ICRA, says replacement demand will continue to anchor growth in FY2027 even as original-equipment volumes soften. Premiumisation is lifting tyre makers’ realisations, though input volatility and competition cap pricing power. Export prospects are improving with new trade agreements, but regulatory risks and cost pressures persist as companies balance capex with discipline.

ICRA expects the Indian automotive sector’s wholesale growth to normalise in FY2027. How does this moderation in vehicle volumes translate into tyre demand across OEM and replacement channels?

The normalisation of wholesale volume growth in FY2027 follows a period of elevated growth in the second half of FY2026, which was driven largely by post-GST reform-led factors and favourable rural demand sentiments. The moderation in wholesale volume growth will consequently translate to a similar growth in OE segment. The aftermarket segment, however, will follow the inherent replacement cycle of different sub-segments and other fundamental factors.

Replacement demand currently anchors tyre industry growth. What level of growth do you expect in this segment going forward?

The replacement segment saw a robust growth in the last 4–5 months supported by the post effects of GST rate cuts and healthy rural demand following good monsoons and crop output. The current sentiments are favourable, with factors around economic activities, freight rate movement and farm output reflecting optimistic picture. The segment is likely to outperform the OE segment in FY2027 supported by inherent factors like replacement cycle, safety awareness and regulatory forces.

Premiumisation is evident in vehicles and tyres alike. How is the shift towards larger rim sizes, radialisation and higher-value products shaping revenue growth versus volume growth in FY2026–27?

A change in product mix has been observed in recent times. Rising preference for utility vehicles, premium bikes and electric vehicles have resulted in changes to the average selling price (ASP) of tyre makers. While these elongates the product replacement cycle over time, higher share of sales of large rim sizes and high-performance tyres results in premium pricing and value growth. That said, pricing pressure because of competition and movement in input prices restricts the premium to an extent, in certain segments.

What impact do you expect from the evolving trade agreements between India and United States, along with the proposed India-EU free trade deal, on tariffs for tyres produced and exported from India?

US and Germany are the top-two destinations for Indian tyre exports. Overall, tyre export volumes grew by around 10 percent in FY2025 and around eight percent in H1 FY2026. The recent signing of India-UK and India-EU deals is a positive as Indian tyres are increasingly getting exported to these regions in recent period, reflecting better acceptance. While the developments on India-US tariff-related aspects are a positive, stability in tariff reforms will be critical towards better visibility of exports.

With exporters pivoting towards Europe, Africa and Latin America, what competitive or regulatory barriers might Indian tyre makers face in these markets over the next 12–18 months?

The prospects of Indian exporters remain vulnerable to the regulatory actions and competitive forces. The US tariff-related developments have made tyre makers in

South-East Asia and China more competitive (as compared to India), although the changes in tariff rates is a positive development for Indian exporters. While a depreciating rupee was beneficial, the recent capping of RodTEP benefits is a negative impacting the competitiveness of Indian tyre makers.

Natural rubber prices have remained elevated and volatile. How do you expect raw-material cost trends to evolve in FY2027, and what does this imply for tyre company margins and pricing power?

Rubber prices largely track the demand-supply factors. The prices have largely been volatile in recent years and were affected by a relatively subdued consumption globally. While the supply will remain influenced by weather and other related factors, the global tyre demand is likely to be relatively better, thus keeping the prices firmer in the coming year.

Beyond rubber, inputs such as carbon black and crude-linked derivatives are cyclical as well. Are tyre manufacturers adequately positioned to manage input volatility through sourcing strategies or pass-through mechanisms?

To protect the margins, tyre makers have resorted to better production planning, maintaining optimal inventory and altering the sourcing strategies. That said, the earnings profile of tyre makers remains exposed to any sharp volatilities in input prices, especially replacements.

Industry capex has remained steady, focused on radial capacity and premium segments. Do you foresee a new investment cycle in FY2027–28, or will companies prioritise balance-sheet discipline amid demand normalisation?

The industry’s capex spends are estimated at 8–10 percent of revenues with sizeable investments towards expansions in passenger vehicles and trucks and bus tyres, along with continued focus on debottlenecking, maintenance and R&D activities.

Looking beyond demand and costs, what are the most significant structural challenges facing the Indian tyre sector over the next three to five years – technology shifts, sustainability mandates or global competition?

Multiple trends are emerging in the auto industry, like vehicle premiumisation, changing powertrain mix, fluctuation in adoption of EVs across different product segments etc. In this backdrop, and coupled with global geo-political uncertainties and climate changes, tyre makers face challenges around business strategies. Strengthening technological capabilities, investments in premium performance tyres, enhanced usage of AI for operations, streamlining supply chain activities and diversification are the likely key focus areas for Indian tyre makers.

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